Night Owl 6

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S C A N L O N E N T E R P R I S E S B A T C H F I L E U T I L I T I E S Version 2.2 (SEBFU) (C) 1989 U S E R S M A N U A L Don't forget to register SEBFU, just print the REG.DOC file. To print the file, enter TYPE REG.DOC > PRN or COPY REG.DOC PRN at your DOS prompt. Alternately, you can print it using any text or wordprocessor. SEBFU may be run on any single user system, or in Network systems with less than 4 users, without obtaining a site license. Site licenses are available at reasonable rates, just call (805) 272- 4827 or write us at 38354 17th St. E #D, Palmdale, CA 93550. SEBFU is a series of small utilities which when combined, offer an improvement over the stand alone Dos environment, in running batch files. These utilities will allow the user to detect and react to many different system types, in creating batch files and menu systems. To get an idea of how to use the utilities together, just run our demo (by entering GO at the Dos prompt). SEBFU is for any user of IBM and compatibles who wishes to make their system easier to use, for system integrators and for software distributors. System integrators will find creating batch files and menus easy and convenient. Software distributors will want to make batch files to help the end users with installation and automate backups'. SEBFU (version 2.2) has over 100 commands, which will enhance and add power to batch files. These utilities allow for the creation and maintenance of menus, retrieval of single or multiple key strokes in response to questions or menu queries, check for many system drivers (such as the mouse driver), complete control over the cursor and screen colors, checking the disk drives and printer, get and display directory listings and files, much more. GETTING STARTED: To print this document, just enter GO at the Dos prompt, and select print manual at the menu. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS IBM or compatible with 1 disk drive and 128K ram. These utilities will work with monochrome or color systems, including EGA and VGA, excepting the use of color commands on monochrome systems. D O S DOS is the operating system of your IBM or compatible, whether it be PC-Dos or MS-Dos. Both Dos systems are made by Microsoft and for our purposes are identical. DOS stands for Disk Operating System, allows execution of applications such as wordprocessors and spreadsheets. Most users don't see or interact directly with Dos, but only with the command interpreter which is supplied with it. The command interpreter is a file called COMMAND.COM . This is the program which we as users, see each time we boot up our systems and eventually see the Dos prompt. COMMAND.COM is often called a SHELL. What this means, is that it hides the rest of Dos from us, and allows us to communicate with our computers in a language which is easier to understand. DOS offers us a medium for interfacing and controlling our system environment such that files are stored in a logical and meaningful fashion on disks. Without this interface, applications would be placing files almost anywhere on the disk drive, thus possibly overwriting another applications file. This Dos environment also offers us a common medium to communicate with the IBM components such as the monitor, keyboard and printers. COMMAND.COM allows us to enter the name of some application, at the Dos prompt, then will execute that application, by parsing the name to Dos, which then causes the execution of the application. While our application, COMMAND.COM is out of the picture (except for a very small part which stays in ram), and the application corresponds directly with Dos, to perform all of the necessary tasks. What can COMMAND.COM do ? COMMAND.COM can act as an interface between you and many of the utilities (such as FORMAT) which are provided along with Dos. For example, when you want to format a disk, you simply enter FORMAT at the Dos prompt, followed by the drive letter of the drive to format. Another useful Dos utility is the COPY command, which copies files from one disk to another. What about the directory command DIR ? Another well used Dos utility, which will display one or more files, giving you information about the file(s), such as size and time and date of creation. Each IBM or compatible may have one or more disk drives, and each drive may have one or more directories. As you know, a disk drive is a device to store many bytes (thousands of bytes) of information or programs. A directory is one of the ways Dos has of letting us name files. Without directories, hard disk systems would soon become cluttered with hundreds of files in one directory, and we would become confused as to what file were for what. Not only that, but with the 8 character limit imposed on us by Dos, we would soon be having trouble making up names. D I R E C T O R I E S A directory is much like a file cabinet, which contains drawers, except, that each drawer may contain additional drawers. The root directory is much like the office which contains the file cabinet, and can contain many such file cabinets. We can of course clutter our office with files, but we could loose them, or accidentally throw it away (erase it). Thus not only do directories offer us storage, but helps us keep from accidentally erasing the files. Just like a real filing cabinet, these directories help us organize, and keep different types of data separate. DOS can be considered somewhat like an office worker, who must find files for the boss (you). If the files were just strewn across the office, they would be harder to find, so just like a secretary, we keep our files in directories in some recognizable format, so we and Dos can find them faster. Another reason, to have directories, is because Dos simply will not allow you more than 112 files in the root directory, including directory names. On a floppy, this limitation is not so bad, but with hard disks, this can really be a problem. As you may already know, Dos does allow more than 112 files in the root directory of a hard disk. The maximum number of files allowed on a hard disk is usually 500, but even that is too few, once we start using our programs, such as wordprocessors, spreadsheets and databases. STARTING DOS Starting Dos is usually a simple matter of placing your Dos boot disk into your floppy drive and turning your machine on. Systems with hard drives don't even have that requirement, simply turning the system on causes Dos to start. For those of you who have and know about the Dos Config file and Autoexec batch file, please skip the rest of this section and start on page 5, SEBFU commands. You are presumably reading this page because you would like information about your Dos config file and autoexec file. The config file is the first file that is loaded after the actual Dos operating system loads (including COMMAND.COM). This file contains information such as the number of files a program can open at one time, the number of file buffers, the loading of device drivers, the number of drives on your system and finally, the type of shell (like COMMAND.COM) to load. Here are the lines we consider (and so do many other vendors) important to have in your config file : FILES=20 {Maximum files a program can open} BUFFERS=10 {Number of file buffers} LASTDRIVE=F {Last available drive in your system} SHELL=A:\COMMAND.COM /P /E:1000 Notice the last line above, this is what starts COMMAND.COM the Dos shell. Here, we have specified that 1000 bytes be set aside for the Dos environment, which is a set of variables that Dos and applications can share, to pass information back and forth. The '/P' specifies that this shell will remain resident without returning to another level. This line only functions in Dos versions 3.0 and greater. A common AUTOEXEC batch file would look like this. ECHO OFF {disable command echoing} CLS {clear the monitor} PROMPT=$P$G {set the Dos prompt to display drive and directory} PATH=A:\ {tell Dos to look at the root directory of drive A for commands it can't find on the current drive and directory} TIMER {Sets the Dos time and Date on XT's which have a real time clock} This last line above requires a file called TIMER.COM, not supplied with Dos, or you may substitute your own driver name. If you have more commands than the above in your config or autoexec files, don't worry, there are many more commands which can be included, we have just placed the minimum lines required for good Dos operation, and use of our batch file utilities. If both these files exist on your system, and these lines don't exist in them, you can add these lines by using any text editor or most wordprocessors. If you have any doubts, consult your system or Dos manual, or call your dealer. SEBFU COMMANDS ADD Syntax : ADD var v Where 'var' is any legal Dos variable, previously assigned at least zero (set var=0) and 'v' is the amount to add to 'var', and is in the range of 0 thru 9, with a default value of 1, if 'v' is not specified. This command enhances the use of batch files by allowing loop control. The variable specified in the add (after previously being assigned by the Dos SET function), can be tested by the Dos IF function as follows : IF var==v command Where 'var' is the variable, 'v' the the value sought and command is any legal Dos command, including the SEBFU utilities. EXAMPLE : ECHO OFF CLS SET ADD=0 :LP IF %ADD%==5 GOTO DONE ADD ADD ECHO Loop %ADD% GOTO LP :DONE ECHO Process complete In the above example, we start off with by turning echo mode off, then clearing the display and finally setting the initial value of ADD (required) to 0. The label LP starts our loop, where we first check our current value, with the Dos IF function, for a value of 5, and if the value is 5, the we jump to the label DONE. Notice that this test is made by using a double equal sign following the IF function. This is required by Dos, to distinguish it from the set function, which we used on line 3. The line after the IF increments the ADD variable by 1 (the default value). The ECHO line displays the message about which loop we are in and the GOTO loops the batch file execution back to the LP label. If the test made in the IF line is true (ADD is equal to 5) then the batch file branches to the label DONE, and then on to the last ECHO line which declares the batch file is completed. Notice that labels are prefixed with a colon, this is required by Dos, and is the only way the label can be distinguished from a command. This short batch file is on our disk and is called ADD.BAT . BEEP Syntax : BEEP [n] [P] [K] Where 'n' specifies the number of beeps, 'P' causes the beeps to occur every second (instead of right away) and 'K' causes the beeps to occur every second until a key is pressed. EXAMPLE : ECHO OFF CLS ECHO We will beep 5 beeps rapidly BEEP 5 ECHO Now we will beep 5 beeps at 1 second intervals BEEP 5 P ECHO Finally we will beep until you press any key BEEP K ECHO Beep demonstration complete. This short batch file goes thru each possible option, displaying a message announcing each test. The last test requires the user to press any key to stop the beeping. NOTE, entering BEEP on a line by itself (no parameters), causes one single beep. BIGLTR Syntax : BIGLTR message, bc fc Where 'message' is any 10 alpha numeric characters (ascii values in the range of 0 thru 255), 'bc' is the background color and 'fc' the foreground color. This command will display, starting at the current row and column, any text included in 'message', as long as you do not exceed the 10 character limit. If 'message' is longer than 10 characters, then 'message' will be truncated at the tenth character. The characters so displayed will be large characters of 9 rows by 8 columns. CDCK Syntax : CDCK Simply returns an errorlevel of 1 if the CD-Rom driver is present, else returns an errorlevel of 0. EXAMPLE : CDCK IF ERRORLEVEL 1 ECHO CD-ROM driver installed CDD Syntax : CDD n Where 'n' is the number of directory levels to move toward the root directory. Assume your are on drive C and in the directory \A\B\G\Y\TUG Then execution of this line : CDD 3 Would place you in the directory \A\B CGABORDR Syntax : CGABORDR n Changes the CGA border color to the selected value of 'n'. Example : CGABORDR 1 Will produce a blue border. Colors are in the range of 0 thru 15, see your Dos or Basic manual for more information on colors. CHGC Syntax : CHGC sr sc er ec bc fc Changes the screen colors, without affecting the screen characters, for the selected screen range. Where 'sr' is the start row, 'sc' the start column, 'er' the ending row, 'ec' the ending column, 'bc' the background color and 'fc' the foreground color. EXAMPLE : CHGC 5 5 20 75 1 7 Will change the screen colors starting at row 5, column 5 thru row 20, column 75 to white on blue. CHGLOCK Syntax : CHGLOCK [C] [N] [S] Toggles the existing state of the selected lock key, where, C=caps lock, N=num lock and S=Scroll lock. CHGLOCK without any parameters causes all current settings to reverse (toggle). EXAMPLE 1 : CHGLOCK C Will just toggle the caps lock. If caps lock was on, then caps lock will be toggle off. EXAMPLE 2 : CHGLOCK NC Will toggle both caps lock and num lock. Both locks will be the reverse of what they were prior to executing CHGLOCK. EXAMPLE 3 : CHGLOCK This will toggle all 3 locks. CHKSUM Syntax : CHKSUM fname n Where 'fname' is the file to get a check sum for, and 'n' is an optional checksum value to compare the calculated one with. EXAMPLE 1 : CHKSUM fname Displays the checksum for file 'fname' EXAMPLE 2 : CHKSUM fname 123 Returns an errorlevel of 0 if the checksum of 'fname' matches the value 123, else will return an error level of 1. CK101 Returns an errorlevel of 0 if a 101 type keyboard is attached, providing the Rom Bios supports this mode, else returns an errorlevel of 1. CKCLK Returns an errorlevel of 1 if Dos reports the year 1980 else returns an errorlevel of 0. Use this as a first guess that the Dos time and date has been set. CLR sr sc er ec bc fc Clears the screen starting at the specified row 'sr' and column 'sc' thru row 'er' and column 'ec' using the specified colors 'bc' (background) and 'fc' (foreground). EXAMPLE 1: CLR 1 1 25 80 Clears lines 1 thru 25, columns 1 thru 80 using what ever color exists at the current cursor location. EXAMPLE 2: CLR 1 1 25 80 1 7 Same as example 1, but uses the selected color of white on blue. CLRKEY Clears the type ahead buffer. Prevents the user from entering responses in advance of the questions or prompts. COFF Toggles the cursor off on most MGA and CGA systems, but will NOT always work on MGA systems, and won't work on EGA or VGA systems. COLOR bc fc Sets the screen colors, providing that ANSI.SYS or other ANSI driver has been installed. The colors are set to the selected background 'bc' and foreground 'fc' color. Prior to using this, use our DETANSI function to check for the existence of the driver CR [T] Waits for the ENTER key to be pressed. All key strokes simply cause the speaker to beep. Or optionally by entering the T switch on the command line, will exit with an errorlevel of 1 if control C is pressed. CT Toggles the cursor on or off, depending upon which state it is currently in. CT does NOT work on all systems. CUON Makes the cursor visible. CURKEY Returns an errorlevel of 1 thru 4 depending upon which of the four cursor control keys is pressed. The four values are : 1 = up arrow 2 = down arrow 3 = left arrow 4 = right arrow If the enter key is pressed or escape keys are pressed, the an errorlevel of 0 is returned, any other key press will result in the speaker beeping. DAYOFMO Returns an errorlevel of 1 thru 31 for the current day of the month as reported by Dos. Dos must have the correct time and date for this to function properly. To determine if the Dos time and Date are set, use our CKCLK function. DAYOFWK [mm-dd-yy] [D] In the functions basic format, returns an errorlevel representing the day of week (Sunday = 1 .... Saturday = 7). In the second format, the user specifies the date to return the day of week for in the format 'mm-dd-yy' and finally the last format returns the day of month, by appending the letter 'D' (upper or lower case) after the function name. {DAYOFWK} continued EXAMPLE 1: DAYOFWK Returns an errorlevel of 1 thru 7 for the day of week, as reported by Dos, where Sunday is 1 and Saturday is a 7. EXAMPLE 2: DAYOFWK 01-23-87 Returns an errorlevel of 1 thru 7 for the day of week for the selected date of Jan. 23rd, 1987, where 1 is Sunday and 7 is Saturday. EXAMPLE 3: DAYOFWK D Returns an errorlevel of 1 thru 31 for the day of the month, for the month and year as reported by Dos. DBLBOX sr sc er ec bc fc Pp Draws a double line graphics box starting at row 'sr', column 'sc' and ending at row 'er' column 'ec', using the background color 'bc' and foreground color 'fc' on page 'p' (prefixed by the P {upper or lower case}). EXAMPLE 1: DBLBOX 5 5 10 25 Places a double box starting on row 5 column 5 and ending at row 10 column 25, using the colors as existing at row 5, column 5. EXAMPLE 2: DBLBOX 5 5 10 25 1 7 Same as above, but uses the selected colors of white on blue. EXAMPLE 3: DBLBOX 5 5 10 25 1 7 P2 Same as example 3, but puts the box on video page 2, which may or may not be the active video page. DETANSI Returns an errorlevel of 1 if an ansi device drive is installed, a 0 if an ansi driver is not installed, or a 2 if the video mode is graphics. DFREE d: [vname] Returns an errorlevel in K bytes for bytes available on a selected drive 'd:', or places the exact value in a selected variable 'vname'. The selected drive letter may be upper or lower case, and must be prefixed with the colon. Alternately, will return an errorlevel of 0 if an incorrect drive is specified and the variable is not specified, or a 1 if the variable is specified and the selected drive is not available. EXAMPLE 1: DFREE A: Returns an error of 0 thru 255 for the amount of available space on drive A. EXAMPLE 2: DFREE A: AFREE Returns the exact amount of unused disk space in variable AFREE or an errorlevel of 1 if the drive is unavailable (no disk, not formatted, etc...). DLINE sr sc l bc fc p S DLINE Pp l S Draws a double or single line, using double or single line graphics on the video or sends the line to the selected printer, using length 'l', starting on row 'sr' column 'sc' (video), using the background color 'bc' and foreground color 'fc' on page 'p'. EXAMPLE 1: DLINE sr sc l Draws a double line using double line graphics, on line 'sr', at starting at column 'sc' and of length 'l'. This method also uses the existing screen colors as exist at location 'sr','sc', and defaults to the active video page. {DLINE} continued EXAMPLE 2: DLINE 5 5 20 1 7 Draws a double line as in example 1 on row 5, starting on column 5, with a length of 20, using the selected colors of white on blue. EXAMPLE 3: DLINE 5 5 20 1 7 2 Draws the double line as in example 2, but on video page 2, which may or may not be active. EXAMPLE 4: DLINE 5 5 20 1 7 2 S Draws a line as in example 3, but uses single line graphics. EXAMPLE 5: DLINE P1 20 Draws a line to the first printer, using double line graphics, of length 20. EXAMPLE 6: DLINE P1 20 S Same as example 5, except uses single line graphics. DLST ftype [/Ln] [/Rn] [/Bn] [/Tn] [/E list] [/I list] [/X] [/D] [/Z] Displays a list of files in the current directory, where : ftype is the type of file(s) to display, and can use the Dos wildcards (*.*, ???.???). /Ln = Left margin of 'n' /Rn = Right margin of 'n' /Bn = Last margin 'n' to use /Tn = First line to use 'n' /E list = exclude list /I list = include list /X = no extensions shown /D = show directories /Z = stop listing at line 'Bn' Under normal execution (without the /Z option), if the list is longer than rows Tn thru Bn then the function halts, waiting for the user to press enter to continue. {DLST} continued EXAMPLE 1: DLST *.DOC Displays a list of DOC files using all of the available video, pausing after filling the display. EXAMPLE 2: DLST *.DOC /L5 /R5 Displays a list of DOC files as example 1, but limits the output to columns 5 thru 75 (80-5). EXAMPLE 3: DLST *.DOC /L5 /R5 /B20 /T5 Displays a list of DOC files as example 2, but limits the output to lines 5 thru 20. EXAMPLE 4: DLST *.* /L5 /R5 /B20 /T5 /E COM EXE Displays all files, limited to row 5 thru 20, and column 5 thru 75 and excluding extensions of COM and EXE. EXAMPLE 5: DLST *.DOC /L5 /R5 /B20 /T5 /I COM EXE Same as example 3, but includes file types of COM and EXE . EXAMPLE 6: DLST *.DOS /L5 /R5 /B20 /T5 /X Same as example 3, but does NOT show extensions. EXAMPLE 7: DLST *.DOS /L5 /R5 /B20 /T5 /D Same as example 3, but shows directories as well. EXAMPLE 8: DLST *.DOS /L5 /R5 /B20 /T5 /Z Same as example 3, but only shows number of files which can fit onto lines 5 thru 20. DRVCK d: Returns an errorlevel of 0 if the specified drive exists, a 1 if the drive does not, or 2 if the drive was not specified. This does not check to see if a drive is installed, only if the drive is a valid drive. DRVLST var Places a list of drives available into the Dos variable 'var'. If for instance, you have 2 floppies and a hard drive, the entering this function, would return 'ABC' in the selected var. If you have set up a ram drive or used SUBST, then this function will also place those additional drive names into the list. IE.. if your ram drive is D then the list returned in the varible would be 'ABCD'. DSKRDY d: Returns an errorlevel of 0 if the drive is ready, with a formatted disk, an errorlevel of 1 if the drive exists, but is not ready, 2 if the drive has an unformatted disk installed, and 3 if the drive does not exist. EXAMPLE 1: DSKRDY A: IF ERRORLEVEL 3 GOTO NXIST IF ERRORLEVEL 2 GOTO FMT IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO BAD ECHO Drive is formatted GOTO XIT :NXIST ECHO Drive does not exist GOTO XIT :BAD ECHO Drive is not ready (no disk installed) GOTO XIT :FMT ECHO Format disk in drive A ? YN IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO XIT FORMAT A :XIT {BLANK LINE} {DSKRDY continued} In the above example, we display a message for each case, and if the user wants, we will format a blank unformatted disk. The line containing YN is another function we have, which simply waits for a key press of y or n (upper or lower case). ENVSIZE [TL] [L] [T] [TS] [TK] [B] [K] [V] [R] Returns an errorlevel based upon the amount of Dos environment space left or the total environment space size. EXAMPLE 1: ENVSIZE Returns an errorlevel of 0 - 255 for each 256 bytes of free space (IE... 1=256, 2=512, etc...). EXAMPLE 2: ENVIZE TL Returns an errorlevel of 0 if less than 256, 1 if less than 4096 and 2 if greater than 4096 (total environment space) {ENVSIZE continued} EXAMPLE 3: ENVSIZE L Same as example 2, except that it's for environment space left. EXAMPLE 4: ENVSIZE T Returns an errorlevel of 0 thru 255 for the amount of environment space left, in units of 256 bytes. EXAMPLE 5: ENVSIZE TS Returns an errorlevel of 0 thru 255 for the amount of environment space left, in bytes. EXAMPLE 6: ENVSIZE TK Returns an errorlevel of 0 thru 255 for the amount of environspace left, in k bytes. {ENVSIZE continued} EXAMPLE 7: ENVSIZE B Returns an errorlevel of 0 to 255 for the amount of environment space left, in bytes. EXAMPLE 8: ENVSIZE K Returns an errorlevel of 0 to 255 for the amount of environment space left in k bytes. EXAMPLE 9: ENVSIZE V Places the total amount of environment space into the variable ESIZE. EXAMPLE 10: ENVSIZE VR Places the amount of environment space left into the variable ESIZE. FCHR sr sc er ec bc fc p c Fills the selected video area with the selected character, where: sr = start row sc = start column er = ending row ec = ending column bc = background color fc = foreground color p = video page c = fill character Any single character entered for 'c' results in that character being used as the fill pattern, if two or more characters are in the 'c' position, then it is assumed you want to use a decimal value, and may be from 2 to 3 decimal digits (0-9) ranging in value from 0 to 255. For characters with values less than 10, prefix the value with a zero. EXAMPLE 1: FCHR 5 5 10 75 1 7 0 A Fills the video area from row 5 column 5 thru row 10 column 75 with A's using white on blue on video page 0. EXAMPLE 2: FCHR 5 5 10 75 0 7 0 65 Same as example 1. EXAMPLE 3: FCHR 5 5 10 75 1 7 1 65 Same as example 1, except that video page 1 is used. (NOTE) video pages 0 and 1 are identical to this function. FILES ftype vname /E list /I list Returns an errorlevel equal to the number of files of the type 'type'. User may specify additional file types by using the /I followed by a list (of up to 10) additional extension types, or may exclude file types from a listing when using the "*" wild card, by entering a /E followed by up to 10 extension types. Alternately, the number of files will be returned in a selected variable. EXAMPLE 1: FILES *.DOC Returns an errorlevel of 0 thru 255 depending upon the number of DOC files in the current directory. EXAMPLE 2: FILES *.DOC DOCS Returns the number of DOC files in the variable DOCS. EXAMPLE 3: FILES *.DOC /I EXE Same as example 1, except value includes EXE files as well. EXAMPLE 4: FILES *.DOC DOCS /I EXE Same as example 2, except value includes EXE files. EXAMPLE 5: FILES *.* /E EXE COM Returns an errorlevel of 0 thru 255 for the number of files, except for those with extensions of EXE and COM. {FILES continued} EXAMPLE 6: FILES *.* FILES /E EXE COM Same as example 5, except the number of files is returned in the variable FILES instead of an errorlevel. FNDHID fname Displays a bit representation of the selected file 'fname' at- tribs, where the output is an 8 digit decimal display of 1's and 0's. The output is interpreted as follows when the bits are set: Bit 1 = Read Only, Bit 2 = Hidden, Bit 3 = System Bit 4 = Volume lable, Bit 5 = Directory name, Bit 6 = Archived Bit 7 & 8 = Reserved FREEM [var][/E] Displays the amount of system ram available. Or alternately sets the variable 'var' equal to this value. Using the switch '/E', we can set the errorlevel equal to the amount of system ram available divided by 4K. EXAMPLE 1: FREEM Simply displays the amount of system ram available EXAMPLE 2: FREEM MEM Sets the Dos variable MEM equal to the amount of system ram left EXAMPLE 3: FREEM /E Sets the Dos errorlevel equal to the amount of system ram divided by 4K (IE...64K=16). {FREEM continued} EXAMPLE 4: FREEM MEM /E Sets the Dos variable MEM equal to the system ram left divided by 4K . FSIZE fname vname Returns an errorlevel of 0 thru 255 for the size of the file 'fname', or alternately places the size (in K bytes) into the variable 'vname'. EXAMPLE 1: FSIZE FSIZE.COM Returns an errorlevel of 0 thru 255 for the size of FSIZE in k bytes. EXAMPLE 2: FSIZE FSIZE.COM SIZE Same as example 1, except the size is returned in the variable SIZE. FUNKEY Returns an errorlevel of 1 thru 10 for the 10 function keys, all other key presses cause the speaker to beep. GALF Returns an errorlevel of 1 thru 26 for any alpha key pressed, upper or lower case, all other key presses causes the speaker to beep. GCURS [R] [Rv] [C] [Cv] [V] Returns an errorlevel for either the row or column position of the cursor, or alternately places the row / column information into the variables ROW and COL. {GCURS continued} EXAMPLE 1: GCURS R Returns an errorlevel equal to the current row. EXAMPLE 2: GCURS R5 Returns an errorlevel of 0 if the value 5 and the current row are equal, a 1 if the row is greater than 5 and 2 if the row is less than 5. {GCURS} continued EXAMPLE 3: GCURS C Same as example 1, except that the errorlevel is for the column. EXAMPLE 4: GCURS C5 Same as example 2, except that the ERRORLEVEL is for columns. EXAMPLE 5: GCURS V Places the current row and column into the two variables ROW and COL . GDIR Sets the Dos variable DIR to the current directory path. Example use: GDIR CD \GAMES GAME CD\%DIR% In the above batch file, the current directory would be saved in the variable DIR, then we change to the new directory games, execute some game, and finally return back to the original directory via the CD\%DIR% . GDRIVE Returns an errorlevel from 0 thru 255 for the current active drive, where 0=A, 1=B, etc... GETCC [V] Returns an errorlevel equal to the cursor column number, or alternately places the value into a DOS variable CC, if the switch V is included on the command line GETCOLR [F] [B] Returns an errorlevel equal to the current screen colors. EXAMPLE 1: GETCOLR Returns an errorlevel equal to both foreground and background colors (combined). EXAMPLE 2: GETCOLR F Returns an errorlevel equal to the foreground color. EXAMPLE 3: GETCOLR B Returns an errorlevel equal to the background color. GETCR [V] Returns an errorlevel equal to the current cursor row, or returns the value in the variable CR, if the switch V is included on the command line. GETMCB Displays a list, showing the current memory usage. GETNUM [n....] Returns an errorlevel equal to the value of the numeric key pressed, or sounds the speaker if any other key is pressed. Alternately, the user may specify which numeric keys are acceptable. EXAMPLE 1: GETNUM Accepts all numeric keys for input, returning the value as an errorlevel (IE.... 0=0, 1=1, etc....). EXAMPLE 2: GETNUM 123 Accepts only numeric keys 1 thru 3, return errorlevels for the numeric key pressed of 1 thru 3. The second variation of this function is useful for batch files used in menus, Example : :MENU ECHO Menu ECHO ECHO (1) Games ECHO (2) Format disk ECHO (3) Dos ECHO ECHO Your choice (1-3) ? GETNUM 123 IF ERRORLEVEL 3 GOTO XIT IF ERRORLEVEL 2 GOTO FMT GAME GOTO MENU :FMT FORMAT A: GOTO MENU :XIT {BLANK LINE} The above batch file would either start a game, format a disk, or place the user at the Dos prompt. GETPG Returns an errorlevel equal to the active video page. For CGA systems, this is usually a value between 1 and 4. GETVER [M] [V] Returns an errorlevel equal to the current Dos version (0 if Dos version 1.x) or alternately can set the Dos variable VER to the version number. The following examples assume a Dos version of 3.2. EXAMPLE 1: GETVER Returns an errorlevel of 3 (major version) EXAMPLE 2: GETVER M Returns an errorlevel of 2 (minor version) EXAMPLE 3: GETVER V Sets the variable VER to 3.2 . GMEN [B] [s] [V] Returns an errorlevel equal to the amount of ram left for use in the system. EXAMPLE 1: GMEN Returns an errorlevel equal to the ram size in K bytes. EXAMPLE 2: GMEN B Returns an errorlevel equal to the ram size in 4K byte chunks, IE... 4K = 1, 8K = 2, etc.... EXAMPLE 3: GMEN 4000 Compares the value 4000 against your actual ram size, returning an errorlevel of 0 if equal, 1 if greater, and 2 if less. EXAMPLE 4: GMEN V Sets the Dos variable MEM equal to the ram size. GMODE Returns an errorlevel equal to the current video mode, where : 0 = CGA 40x25 black & white 1 = CGA 40x25 color 2 = CGA 80x25 black & white 3 = CGA 80x25 color 4 = 320x200 4 color graphics mode 5 = 320x200 4 color graphics mode (color burst off) 6 = 640x200 2 color graphics mode 7 = 80x25 Monochrome adapter 8 = 160x200 16 color graphics mode (PCjr) 9 = 320x200 16 color graphics mode (PCjr) 10 = 640x200 4 color graphics mode (PCjr) 11 = ? 12 = ? 13 = 320x200 16 color graphics mode (EGA) 14 = 640x200 16 color graphics mode (EGA) 15 = 640x350 monochrome graphics mode (EGA) 16 = 640x350 4 color graphics mode (EGA) INKEY {key_val},/EAZXScCbc,fc Retrieves single keystrokes, setting the errorlevel to the ascii value of the keystroke, or alternately allows assigning values to specific keys, where : E = echo mode on (echo char entered) A = set error level to ascii if no assignment Z = set error level to 0 if no assignment X = respond to extended keys only Predefined return codes for extended keys are : UP = 1 DOWN = 2 LEFT = 3 RIGHT = 4 PAGE UP = 5 PAGE DOWN = 6 HOME = 7 END = 8 INSERT = 9 DELETE = 9 FUNCTION KEYS 1 THRU 10 = 10 THRU 19 S = set list separator (separator follows the S), default is a comma C = color, background color (decimal) is immediately after the S, followed by the separator char, then the foreground color {INKEY} continued EXAMPLE 1: INKEY Returns an errorlevel equal to the keystroke character, but ignores any extended keystrokes (such as function keys), by beeping the speaker. EXAMPLE 2: INKEY A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,F10 Returns an errorlevel of 1 thru 10 for the specified keystrokes of A thru F . You may assign as many keystrokes in this manner as may fit on a Dos command line. Notice the skip in assignments between E and F, where E is assigned an errorcode of 5 and F an errorcode of 10. This mode ignores any other keystroke, while beeping the speaker for other than keystrokes of A thru F. EXAMPLE 3: INKEY /E Returns an errorlevel equal to the keystroke character, ignores extended key strokes, and echo's the keystroke. EXAMPLE 4: INKEY A1,B3,C5,D7,E9,/E Returns the assigned errorlevels of 1 thru 9 for keystrokes of A thru E, ignoring all other keystrokes by beeping the speaker, but echo's the accepted keystroke. EXAMPLE 5: INKEY A1,B2,C3,D5,/A Returns an errorlevel of 1 thru 5, for assigned keystrokes, all other keystrokes, except extended ones, will return the ascii value of the keystroke. Pressing any extended key causes the speaker to beep. EXAMPLE 6: INKEY A1,B2,C3,D5,/Z Same as example 5, except all unassigned keystrokes return an errorlevel of 0. {INKEY} continued EXAMPLE 7: INKEY /X Returns an error for extended key strokes, see above for errorlevels returned. EXAMPLE 8: INKEY /S* Sets the command line delimiter to the "*" ! EXAMPLE 9: INKEY A1,B2,C3,D4,E5,/C1,7 Same as example 2, except the keystroke will be echoed using the chosen colors of white on blue. Most of the switches may be mixed on the command line, except of course the X switch, which is for extended keys, and the will not display (echo). INSTR s c vname oname [/X] Searches for the first occurrence of 'c' starting at 's' in variable 'vname', to output variable 'oname'. The search character must be specified as a decimal value (IE...65=A), unless the switch '/X' is included on the command line. EXAMPLE 1: INSTR 1 65 VAR1 VAR2 Where VAR1=HARRY Outputs the string 'ARRY' to VAR2. EXAMPLE 2: INSTR 1 A VAR1 VAR2 /X Same as example 1, notice that the character 'A' is now specified by using the ascii character instead of a decimal value. INVERT Swaps the foreground an background colors, of the entire screen. If the foreground color is greater than 15 then the background color will blink on Monochrome and CGA systems. KEYSTAT Returns an errorlevel of 0 thru 4, where : 1 = Scroll lock on 2 = Num lock on 4 = Caps lock on 0 = All locks off LEN vname Returns an errorlevel equal to the length of the specified variable 'vname', or a zero if the variable does not exist, or is not specified. LIMCK Returns an errorlevel of 1 if a LIM driver is detected, else returns a zero. LINE sr sc l [bc fc] [Pn] Draws a line, using single line graphics, starting on row 'sr', column 'sc'for length 'l', using optional background 'bc' and foreground 'fc' colors on the optional page 'Pn'. EXAMPLE 1: LINE 5 5 30 Draws a line at row 5, column 5 of 30 characters in length, using the existing colors as found at row 5, column 5, and the current video page (active). EXAMPLE 2: LINE 5 5 30 1 7 Same as example 1, except the colors of white on blue are specified. EXAMPLE 3: LINE 5 5 30 1 7 P2 Same as example 2, except that video page 2 is specified, and may or may not be the active video page. LOCATE sr sc p Positions the video cursor to the location specified, where 'sr' is the row, and 'sc' is the column. Alternately, the video page may be specified 'p' EXAMPLE 1: LOCATE 5 5 Positions the cursor at row 5, column 5. EXAMPLE 2: LOCATE 5 5 2 Same as example 1, except the cursor on video page 2 is affected, and may or may not be the active video page. This feature is useful to those with systems which large amounts of video memory. LOGON [O] Updates a file (LOGIN.LOG), with login name, time and date, or alternately, the logout name, time and date. EXAMPLE 1: LOGON Prompts the current user for their name, then appends that name, and time and date to the file LOGIN.LOG in the current directory. The line appended would look like : BUDDY LOGGED IN @ 09-23-1988 08:23:10 EXAMPLE 2: LOGON O Same as example 2, except the following will be appended to the file LOGIN.LOG : BUDDY LOGGED OUT @ 09-23-1988 08:35:15 LPT1TO2 (or PRNSWAP) Reassigns printer port 1 as printer port 2, and printer port 2 becomes printer port 1, and may be referred to as the PRN device. LST fname Displays the file 'fname', one page at a time. The text file may be scrolled by pressing either the space bar, or by pressing the enter key. Scrolling backwards is not allowed. The utility also returns an errorlevel of 0 if everything was ok, and errorlevel of 1 if the file was not found, or and errorlevel of 2 if the file was not specified. Pressing the escape key at any time exits. MIDSTR s l vname oname Places a selected portion of the string 'vname' into the output string 'oname', where 's' is the start of the string to extract from 'vname', and 'l' is the length (number of characters) to extract, starting at 's'. EXAMPLE : Assuming string 'STR1' contains "We are the people of the US". MIDSTR 12 16 STR1 STR2 would return the string "people of the US" in variable STR2. If 'l' is longer than the remaining characters in 'vname', then 'oname' will contain the string starting at 's' and ending at the final character in 'vname'. MOUSECK Returns an errorlevel of 0 if a mouse driver is not detected, or an errorlevel of 1 if it is. MOVCUR [U] [D] [L] [R] [n] Moves the cursor in the desired direction : U = up D = down L = left R = right by an optional value of 'n' or the default value of 1. {MOVCUR} continued EXAMPLE 1: MOVCUR U Moves the cursor up one line (if possible). MOVCUR D Moves the cursor down one line. EXAMPLE 2: MOVCUR L 3 Moves the cursor left 3 columns if possible. MOVCUR R 3 Moves the cursor right 3 columns. PAGE p V Returns an errorlevel equal to the current video page, or sets the active video page to 'p', or returns the active video page number in the variable PAGE, if the switch V is found on the command line. EXAMPLE 1: PAGE Returns an errorlevel of 1 thru 4 for the active page on a CGA system, 1 for most monochrome systems, and values in access of 4 in systems with EGA or VGA . EXAMPLE 2: PAGE 2 Sets the active page to 2, if possible, or returns an errorlevel of 1 if it fails. EXAMPLE 3: PAGE V Sets the Dos variable PAGE to the active page number. PASSWORD [S] Prompts the user for a password. The entered password is hidden by use of inverse video characters as the password is entered. PASSWORD allows 3 attempts at the password, then locks up the system, forcing the user to reboot. Alternately, the user may append an 'S' after the function name, and after entering the correct current password, will be prompted for a new password. PATHCK name Checks for the existence of the directory 'name' in the current directory. If the directory 'name' exists, an errorlevel of 0 is returned, if 'name' does not exist, then an errorlevel of 1 is returned, and if 'name' is not specified, then an errorlevel of 2 is returned. PFF Sends a form feed to the PRN device (first printer - LPT1). PRDY Returns an errorlevel depending upon the status of the first printer (PRN or LPT1), where : 0 = OK 1 = Timed out 2 = Gen Failure 3 = No paper 4 = Busy 5 = Off line PRINT message Sends the string 'message' to the PRN (LPT1) device. Accepts only input that Dos allows on the command line. Don't use the redirectors '<' or '>' or pipe '|', unless enclosed in parentheses EXAMPLE : PRINT Hi Paul Sends the message 'Hi Paul' to the first printer (LPT1). PRINT "Don't use > unless it's included inside quotes" Sends the entire message including quotes to the printer. PRINTC n Prints the ascii character represented by the numeric decimal value 'n', or multiple characters separated by spaces. EXAMPLE 1: PRINTC 65 Prints the single ascii character 'A'. EXAMPLE 2: PRINTC 27 77 Sends the escape sequence for putting most printers into elite mode . PRINTF name Sends any file, up to 64k bytes, to the printer. No special controls are performed. This is only a convenience to the user, as the Dos COPY command can just as easily be used. PRNSET Performs a hardware reset to the PRN device. RESPONSE var bc fc l [N] Sets the variable 'var' to the text entered from the keyboard, using the optional colors for background 'bc' and foreground 'fc' but requires the length to be specified. 'N' is a switch which prevents keystrokes from being echoed to the display, this is useful for use as Password entry. EXAMPLE 1: RESPONSE NAME 1 7 9 Sets the the variable 'NAME' equal to the next 9 keystrokes or until the enter key is pressed, which ever is first. The keystrokes are echoed using white on blue. EXAMPLE 2: RESPONSE NAME 1 7 9 N Same as example 1, except the keystrokes are not echoed. SAVEKEY [c] [/n] Places characters into the typeahead buffer. EXAMPLE 1: SAVEKEY 123 Places the character sequence '123' into the keyboard buffer. EXAMPLE 2: SAVEKEY /49 50 51 Same as example 1, but the characters are entered as decimal values. SCROLL sr sc er ec bc fc [D] Scrolls a selected portion of the screen up or down, using optional colors. EXAMPLE 1: SCROLL 5 5 10 75 1 7 Scrolls the video area starting at row 5, column 5 thru row 10, column 75 using colors white on blue for the last line. Actually, lines 5 thru 10 are scrolled up one, thus losing the original line 5, and clearing a new line 10. EXAMPLE 2: SCROLL 5 5 10 75 1 7 D The inverse of example 1, where lines 5 thru 10 are scrolled down one, losing the original line 10, and clearing a new line 5. SCROLMSG [/bc fc l] message Displays the string 'message' on line 25, scrolling it from right to left, optionally, the colors and line may be set. EXAMPLE 1: SCROLMSG Hello there Scrolls the message 'Hello there' on line 25 from right to left. {SCROLMSG} continued EXAMPLE 2: SCROLMSG /1 7 Hello there Same as example 1, except the message is displayed in white on blue. EXAMPLE 3: SCROLMSG /1 7 12 Hello there Same as example 2, except the message is displayed on line 12. EXAMPLE 4: SCROLMSG /12 Hello there Same as example 1, except the message is displayed on line 12. SETCUR sr er Sets the cursor style to block, or line, by selecting the starting 'sr' and ending 'er' rows for the cursor. EXAMPLE : SETCUR 3 7 Sets the cursor as a block, starting at scan line 3 and ending at scan line 7. SETDATE mm-dd-yyyy Sets the Dos date to the specified date of mm-dd-yyyy, where : mm = month in two decimal digit format, 01 thru 12 dd = day of month in two decimal digit format yyyy = year in 4 decimal digit format NOTE: must use hyphens to separate month and day, and day and year. SETERR n Sets the batch file errorlevel between 0 and 255 (n). Great for testing batch files or when you need to branch based on an errorlevel. SETIME hh:mm:ss Sets the Dos time to that specified in the above format, where : hh = hours in 2 digit format (00 - 24) mm = minutes in 2 digit format ss = seconds in 2 digit format NOTE: must use colons to separate the units of time. SETMODE n Sets the video mode to value n, where : 0 = 40x25 black & white (CGA) 1 = 40x25 color (CGA) 2 = 80x25 black & white (CGA, EGA & VGA) 3 = 80x25 color (CGA, EGA & VGA) 4 = 320x200 4 color graphics 5 = 320x200 4 color graphics - color burst off 6 = 640x200 2 color graphics 7 = Monochrome adapter 8 = 160x200 16 color graphics - low resolution - PCjr 9 = 320x200 16 color graphics - med. resolution - PCjr 10 = 640x200 4 color graphics - high resolution - PCjr 13 = 320x200 16 color graphics - EGA 14 = 640x200 16 color graphics - EGA 15 = 640x350 monochrome graphics - EGA 16 = 640x350 16 color graphics - EGA SETPG p Sets the active video page to page 'p'. Page numbers are from 1 thru 4 for CGA systems. SHOWVAR vname [/XNPpLcRlCbc fc] Displays the variable 'vname'. This can be done, using the Dos echo command, with the %vname%, but that usage includes showing the variable name (IE... PATH=A:\), while SHOWVAR only shows the actual variable (IE... A:\). The switches are as follows : {SHOWVAR} continued X = center variable on line N = don't issue a line feed / carriage return Pp = Page number 'p' Lc = Left margin at column 'c' Rl = Use line number 'l' Cbc fc = Use background 'bc' and foreground 'fc' colors. Separate the colors with a space. EXAMPLE 1: SHOWVAR PATH Displays the PATH at the current cursor position. EXAMPLE 2: SHOWVAR PATH /X Displays the PATH on the current line, but centered EXAMPLE 3: SHOWVAR PATH /P2 Displays the PATH at the current cursor position, but on video page 2, which may or may not be the active video page. EXAMPLE 4: SHOWVAR PATH /L5 Displays the PATH on the current line, starting at column 5. EXAMPLE 5: SHOWVAR PATH /R5 Displays the PATH on line 5, at the current column number. EXAMPLE 6: SHOWVAR PATH /C1 7 Displays the PATH at the cursor location, using white on blue. NOTE: if the 'C' switch and colors are not specified, then the colors used will be what is currently available at the specified location or at the cursor location. SKEY Returns an errorlevel of 0 if no keystroke is waiting, else if one is ready, then an errorlevel of 1 is returned. SNGLBOX sr sc er ec bc fc Draws a box, using single line graphics, starting at row 'sr', column 'sc' and ending at row 'er', column 'ec', using the optional colors 'bc' and 'fc' (background an foreground). EXAMPLE 1: SNGLBOX 5 5 10 30 Draws a box starting at row 5, column 5 thru row 10, column 30. EXAMPLE 2: SNGLBOX 5 5 10 30 1 7 Same as example 1, except the box is drawn in white on blue. SOUND [d t] Sounds the speaker for about 1 second, or for duration 'd' and tone 't'. EXAMPLE 1: SOUND Sounds the speaker at about 100 hz for 1 second. EXAMPLE 2: SOUND 10 20 Sounds the speaker for about 2 seconds at about 200 herz. SROWS Returns an errorlevel equal to the cursor row. STRING r c bc fc [/P] [/Sp] Displays or prints 'r' number of 'c' characters, where 'r' and 'c' are both decimal values. The background 'bc' and foreground 'fc' colors may be specified, and specifying '/P' will print instead of displaying the string, while using '/Sp' will display the string on the selected video page. EXAMPLE 1: STRING 5 65 Displays 5 A's at the current cursor location. {STRING} continued EXAMPLE 2: STRING 5 65 1 7 Same as example 1, except the string is displayed as white on blue characters. EXAMPLE 3: STRING 5 65 /P 5 A's are sent to the PRN device. EXAMPLE 4: STRING 5 65 /S2 Same as example 1, except that the characters are displayed on page 2, which may or may not be the active video page. SUB vname v Subtracts the decimal value 'v' from the Dos variable 'vname'. EXAMPLE : Assume : AMNT=45, where AMNT is a Dos variable, then the following line : SUB AMNT 5 Would result in the variable result of AMNT=40. NOTE: decimal value 'v' is optional, and if not specified, a value of 1 is subtracted from 'vname'. SWIDTH Returns an errorlevel equal to the column width of the video system in use. If your video system is in 80 column mode, then this would return an errorlevel of 80. WAIT n Pauses the system for 'n' seconds or milliseconds. If 'n' is a value larger than 9, then the pause is in milliseconds, while values between 1 and 9 are in seconds. WAITILL hh:mm:ss Pauses the system until the specified time. The specified time must be in the above format, including the colons. You may not specify the time as either an hour, or hour and minutes, in other words, the time must include hours, minutes and seconds. If the correct time is not specified, then an errorlevel of 1 is returned. WAITM n Pauses the system for 'n' minutes, where n may be a decimal value between 1 and 9. WHATDAY Returns an errorlevel between 1 an 7 for the day of week, where : 1=Sunday 2=Monday 3=Tuesday 4=Wednesday 5=Thursday 6=Friday 7=Saturday WHATHR Returns an errorlevel equal to the hour of the day, in 24 hour format. IE...2=2AM 14=2PM WHATMIN Returns an errorlevel equal to the current minute. WHATMO Returns an errorlevel equal to the current month, where : 1=January 2=February 3=March 4=April 5=May 6=June 7=July 8=August 9=September 10=October 11=November 12=December WHATYR Returns and errorlevel equal to the number of years since 1980. If the current year is 1988, then this function will return an errorlevel of 8. WRITE /LcRlPpXNCbc fc,message WRITE message /LcRlPpXNCbc fc Displays the string 'message', using the following options : Lc = use left margin 'c' Rl = use line 'l' Pp = use page 'p' X = center on line N = no CR/LF at end of line Cbc fc = color, where : bc = background fc = foreground Notice the comma between the message and the switch list, in the first syntax version, this is required, only in the first syntax. EXAMPLE 1: WRITE Moves the cursor down one line, and to the left column. EXAMPLE 2: WRITE Hi there Displays the message "Hi there" at the current column and line. EXAMPLE 3: WRITE /L8,Hi there Displays the message "Hi there" on the current line, and at column 8. EXAMPLE 4: WRITE /R5,Hi there Displays the message "Hi there" on line 5, and the current column. {WRITE} continued EXAMPLE 5: WRITE /P2,Hi there Displays the message "Hi there" at the current line and column on page 2, which may or may not be the active video page. EXAMPLE 6: WRITE /X,Hi there Displays the message "Hi there" on the current line, centered. EXAMPLE 7: WRITE /N,Hi there Displays the message "Hi there" at the current line and column, but leaves the cursor at the end of the line. EXAMPLE 8: WRITE /C1 7,Hi there Displays the message "Hi there" at the current line and column, using white on blue. EXAMPLE 9: WRITE /L8R5P2NC1 7,Hi there Displays the message "Hi there" on line 5, column 8, page 2, using white on blue, and leaves the cursor at the end of the line EXAMPLE 10: WRITE /R5XP2C1 7,Hi there Displays the message "Hi there", centered on line 5, using white on blue, on video page 2. EXAMPLE 11: WRITE Hi there /R5XP2C1 7 Same as example 10. WRITEF fname [/Pp] Displays file 'fname' (max of 4 kbytes), using the current column position as the left margin, starting at the current line number, using any existing colors as already may be on the display. The optional page 'p' may be specified with the '/P' switch. EXAMPLE 1: WRITEF MENU Displays the file MENU. EXAMPLE 2: WRITEF MENU /P2 Displays the file MENU on video page 2. XMSCK Returns an errorlevel of 1 if an extended memory device driver has been installed, else returns an errorlevel of 0. YN [message] Returns an error level of 1 if the 'n' key is depressed or a 0 if the 'y' key is depressed. YN accepts either upper or lower case, and any key depressed but Y or N results in the speaker beeping. Optionally a message may be displayed, at the current cursor position. EXAMPLE 1: YN Waits for either the Y or N key to be depressed. EXAMPLE 2: YN Are you running Dos? Displays the message "Are you running Dos?", then waits for either the Y or N key to be depressed. YRSINCE yyyy Returns an errorlevel equal to the difference of the current date subtracted from the specified date yyyy. If the date is entered as 2 digits, then the century is assumed to be 1900. EXAMPLE: YRSINCE 1980 Returns an ERRORLEVEL of 8, if the current year is 1988. YRSTILL yyyy Returns an errorlevel equal to the difference of the current year and the specified year. If the specified year is 2 digits, then the year is assumed to be in the 19th century. EXAMPLE 1: YRSTILL 1990 Assuming the current year is 1987, then this function will return an errorlevel of 2. EXAMPLE 2: YRSTILL 90 Same as example 1.